?????????

?????????? ???????
?????????? ???????; Commonwealth of Australia; ?????????
?????	?????
	?????: ??????????? ?????“; ????, ????????? ??????????“ ; ; ?????? ?????: ??????? ??????? ????????“
??????????	???????; 35°18′ ?. ?. 149°07′ ?. ?. / 35.300° ?. ?. 149.117° ?. ?.
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?????????? ???	????????? ???
???????	?????????? ??? 52.2% ??????????? ; 30.1% ????????????; 2.6% ??????; 2.4% ??????? ; 1.9% ???????? ; 1.7% ???? ; 9.1% ??????????????? ;
????????????	??????????? ; ???? (??????????);
????????	?????????? ???????????? ????????????? ????????
????????????? ??????	??????????
????????????? ??????????
???????
??????????
??? (???)	2018 ????????
??? (????????)	2018 ????????
???? (2012)	44.9; ??????? · 26-?
??? (2017)	0.939; ?????? ?????? · ??-3
??????	??????????? ?????? (AUD)
??????? ????????	?????????? (UTC+8-??? +10.5-???)
??????? ???????	??/??/????
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?????????? ????	+61
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?????????? ???????????? ???????????????, ??????? ??????????“ ?????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????. ????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ??????.

???? ?????????????????? ?????? ????????? (??????????).

百度针对这一目标，区将全面贯彻落实“河长制”工作要求，按照“河长统筹、领导挂帅、分级管理、属地负责”的原则，压实“区-街道-社区”三级河长责任，发挥“31+66+10+10+66+219”三级河长体系组织协调、巡查监管等作用，统筹推进黑臭水体及入河排污口治理。

????????? (????. Australia; ????. ?????????? ??????? ????. Commonwealth of Australia) — ?????????? ?????????? ???????????. ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????, ????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???? ????? ?????????. ?? ???? ?????????? ??????????, ??????? ????? ???? ?????????? ???????????????. ?????? ????????? ???????? ??? ?????, ????? ?? ??????????: ?????????, ??????????? ?????? ?? ?????-????? ?????? ??????????, ????????? ?????????, ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ??????-???????????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????-????????????.

40 000 ???? ????????????, XVIII ???????? ???????, ????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????, ??????????? ?? ?????????? ???????? 250 ?????????? ????? ??????????? ????????? ????????. ??????? ???????????? ???????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????????? ?? 1606 ???? ???????? ????????? ??????^[10], ?????????? ??????????? ?????? 1770 ???? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????????, 1788 ???? 26 ??????? ???????????. ???????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????. XIX ????????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??????????????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????.

1901 ???? 1 ???????, ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ???????. ??????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ????. ???? ?????????? 2011 ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? 21 507 719^[11] ????????, ?????? ?????. 60 % ???????? ???????? ?????????????: ??????, ????????, ????????, ????? ?? ????????. ??????? ??????????? ???????, ??????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????.

????????? ????????????? ????????, ?????????? ????????????? ????????????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????, ????????? ????????, ???????????? ????????? ????????, ????????? ?????? ?????????????, ?????????? ???????? ??????????, ??????????? ?? ?????????? ?? ??????? ????????????^[12].

?????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????????? ????????? ????????????????? ?? ????????? ????????. ??????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????????? ??????: ????????????? ?????? ???????????, ???? ??????, ???? ?????????????, ??????????? ??????????????? ?? ???????????? ???????????, ANZUS, ????-?????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????, ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????????.

??????????

?????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? australis-????, ??? ???????????“ ???????. XX ???????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????????? ????????????? ?????? ??? (Oz).^{[N 4]} ???? (Aussie) ????? ??????????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????. ?????????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ?????“ ????? ???? ?????????????? ???????????.^[16]^[17]^[18] ???????? ????? C'mon Aussie C'mon ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????“-? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ????????????.^[17]^[19]

Terra Australis Incognita-? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????“ ????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???, ??? ?????? ?? ?? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??????. ???????? ????????? ??????, ?????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????????????? ?????? Terra Australis-?.

????? ????????? (1774-1814) ??? ??????? ???????? ?????????, ???????? ???? ???????? ??????????, ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ????????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??????????“.

????????? ?? ??????

??????? ??????: ?????????? ?????????.

?????????? ??????? 7 686 850 ??.??-??, ??????? ???????? — 34 218 ??. ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????????. ???????? ??????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????. ????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????. ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ????????^[20].

????????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????????: ?????????, ?????? ?????????? ?? ?????????????? ?????? ??????????. ?????????? ????????????? ????????? ????? ???????, ?. ?. ???? ???????????, ??????? ??????? ????????????. ??? ????????? ????????? ????????, ??????? ???? ?????????? ???????. ???????? ????? ????????? ???-? (??????? ??????) ?? ?????????? 32-??? ????????? ??? ????? ??????????? — ???????????? ???????. ??????? ???????????? ????????????? ??????????? 3680 ??-??, ???? ?????????????? ?????????????? 2000 ??-??. ?????????, ?????????? ????????????, ???????? ???-???? ???????? ???????, ??????? ??????????? ??????? 3 ??? ???? ???. ???????? ??????? ????????, ????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ???????-??????????? ??????. ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????. ?? ????????? ????????????, ?????????, ????????????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????????. ???????????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????.

??????? ???????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????? ???? ??????????? ????, ?????? ?????????, ?????????? ???????, ?????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????????. ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???????????????? ??????. ??? ????? ???????? ????????? ???? ??????.

???? ????????? ???? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????, ?????????? ???????????, ?????? ??????????????? ??????-?????????? ??????? ??????????. ??? ??????????? 2000 ??-?? ?? ????????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ????????.

?????????? 40 % ????????? ???????????, ???? ???????? ??????? (???? ???????? ??????, ????????? ???? ??????, ???????? ?????? ??????). ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? — ?????? ??? ?????. ??? ???? ???????????? ???????????? ?????? ????.

?????????? ??????????? ?????????: ???????? ?????????? ??????, ?????????? ???????, ?????????? ?????????? ?????.
???? ?????????: ?????????, ????????, ????????, ?????????, ?????????? ??????. ???????? ?????????? ??? ????????? (2228 ?).
??????? ???????????: ????????, ?????, ?????????, ???????.
??????? ??????: ????? ???, ???????, ????????.
??????? ?????????? (??. ??) — ???????? (64 519), ??????? (5786), ??????? (4416).
??????? ?????????????????: ??????????, ??????????? ?? ????? ???. ?????????.
??????????: ???????? ??????, ???????? ?????? ?? ????????.
????????? ?????????: ?????????, ??????????, ?????? ??????, ????????, ????, ????, ???????, ?????, ??????, ????????, ?????????? ????, ?????, ?????, ??????, ????????? ????, ???????;

????

??????? ??????: ?????????? ???????.

??????? ??????? ????????????? ??? ??????? ?????????????? ????????????. ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ????????????. ???????? ????? ???????-????????, ???? ?????? ?????-?????????. ?????????? ??????????? ????????, ?????????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????????? ?????. ???? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????????. ?????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ????????, ?????????? ?? ????????? ???????? 1000 ??-?, ???? ????????? ????????? 250 ??-?. ?????????? ??????? ????? ????????, ????????? ?????????? ?? ????????. ??????? ???????????? ????: ???????? (?????????-?????????) ???????? +22-25 °C, ??????? +26-30 °C, ???? ???????? (??????-???????) ???????? +10-15 °C ?? ??????? +16-20 °C.

????? ?? ?????

??????? ??????: ?????????? ????? ?? ?????????? ?????.

?????????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????????????, ??????????? ???????? ????????????? 83%, ?????????????? 89%, ????????? ?? ???????? 90 % ?? ?????????? 93 %, ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????^[21]. ?????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ?????????, ?????????? ????????????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????????. ??????????????? ????????????? ???????? ??????? ??????????. ?????????, ??? ??????????? 200 000 ???????? ???? ????????, ???????????? 96 % ???????????? ?????. ?? ??????? ??????? ??????????, ??? ?????????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????????: ??????? ?? ????????? ???. ????? ????????? ????? - ????? ??? ??????????? ??????? - ???? ????????. ???????????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ”???? ????? ?? ?????”. ???????, ????? ????????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????, ??????????, ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????. ?????????? ??????? 4000-?? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????, ?????? 90 % ?????????. ??????????? ?? ??? ??????????? ???????? 800-?? ???? ???????? ????????, ???????????? 350 ??????????, ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????.

????????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ????????: ????????????????? 20 000, ???? ??????????????????? - 14 000 ????????. ???????? 250 000 ????? ????????????, ???? ????????? - 3000. ???????? ?????????? 600 ???????. ??????? ???????????? ????? 100 ?. ????????? ???????. ?????? ?????? ????? ?????????? 8 %.

???????

??????? ??????: ?????????? ???????.

????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? 42 000-48 000 ???? ??? ??????^[22]. ?????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????. ??????? Homo Sapiens ??????????? ???????-??????????? ??????? ????????. ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ?? ?????????????? ??????. ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ?? ???????????-???????? ?????? ????????.

?????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ????????????? ???????????, ????? ?????????, ???????? 1606 ???? ?????? ??????????????? ???????? ?????????. XVII ???????? ???????????? ??????????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ?? ????????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?? ?????????? ?????? ????? ????????, ?????? ????????? ?? ??????. 1770 ???? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ????, ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????^[23]. ????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????. 1788 ???? 26 ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????? ????????? ????-???????? ??????. ????????? ?? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ????. ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???-??????? ???? ???????? 1803 ????, ???? ????? ??????? ??? 1825 ???? ?????. 1829 ???? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ??????.

?????????? ?????????????? ???????? ????? ????????? ???????? ???? — 1836 ???? ??????? ???????? ?????????, 1851 ???? — ????????, ???? 1859 ???? — ??????????. ????????? ????????? ?????? 1911 ???? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ??????. ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????? "?????????? ?????????" — ??? ???? ???????, ??? ??? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????. ???????? ?? ????????? ????????? ????? ???????? "??????????", ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ????????????????^[24]. ????????????????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????????? 1848 ???? ?????? ??????????????? ????????? ??????^[25].

?????????? ???????

???????? ???????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????? 350 000 ???????? ???^[26]. ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ???????? 150 ???? ???????????? ???????? ????????, ???? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ???.^[27].

?????????? ??????? (??? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????, ????? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????/???????? ???? ????????? ??????) - ^[28], ???????? ????? ???? ??????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????^[29].

?????????? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????? ????? ????????????? ?????????????, ??????? ???? ???????-???????? ??? ???????. ???? ?????????? ?? ????????? ????????????? ?? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ??????????? ???????? ????. ?? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????. 1968 ???? ???????????? ????????, ??????????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ???? ???????????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????.

??????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????????, ????-????????

??????????? ????? ??????? ?????? 1850-???? ?????? ??????????. ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????? ????????????? ?????????? 1854 ????. 1855-1890 ????? ?????, ?????? ???????? ?????????????? ????? ?????????????? ????????, ??????? ??????????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ???????. ?????????? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????, ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ????????, ???????? ?? ???????????? ??????????????. 1901 ???? 1 ???????, ?????????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ??????, ??????????????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????. ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? 1907 ????. ?????????? ??????????? ????????? (?????? ????????? ?????? — ?????????? ?????????? ?????????) ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????????? 1911 ????, ????????, ??? ????????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ??????????????? (????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????????? ?????????????? 1901-1927 ??.). 1911 ????, ????????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????????^[30]. 1914 ???? ????????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????, ?????? ?????????? ???????, ????? ???????????? ??????? ???????????.^[31] ?????????????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ????????.^[32]. ????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ?? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????, ?????? ???? ????????? — ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????????.^[33].

?????????? 1931 ???? ????????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ??? ????????? ????? ????????????? ?????????. ?????????? ?? ???? 1942 ???? ?????, ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????????????? ?????? ????????, ??? ?????????????? ?????????????? ???????????, ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ???? ???? ???????. ???? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? 1942 ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???????, ????????? ????????? ?????? ???-???? ??????????????, ?????? ????? ????????? ?? ????????. 1951 ??????, ????????? ??????????? ??? ???-?? ???????? ?????????, ANZUS-?? ????????????? ????????. ????? ???????? ???? ??????, ?????????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????????. 1970-???? ?????? ??????, ????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ????. ??? ?????????, ?????????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ??????????. ??????????? ????????????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ??? ????????? ????? ??? 1986 ???? ?????????? ????, ???????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ??????????,^[34]. 1999 ???? ????????????, ?????????????? 54 %-?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????????, ?????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????????. ???????? ????????? ?????????? ??????, ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????, ???????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????????? ?? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ?????.

?????????? ?????

??????? ??????: ?????????? ????????.

??????? ??????????, ????????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??????, ?????? ??????????????. 1770 ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????. 1788 ???? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? - ?????????? ????????. 1931 ????, ???????????? ???????? ??????????, ?????????? ????? ?????????????? ?????, ????? ?? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????????. ????????? 1801 ???? ???????? ???????????, ?????? ??????????? ????????? ????????????? ?????????.

?????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????, ??????? ????????? ???????-???????????? ??????? ????????????. 1999 ???? ?????????? ???????????? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????.

?????????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ???????????, ??????????????? ???????? ?? ???????????. ???????? ???? ???? ????? 150 ???????? ???????, ?????? ?? ???????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????-????????, ??????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ?????????. ??????? ?????? ????? 12 ????????? ???? ????????????, ??????????? ?? — ??-??? ??????. ????????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????.

?????????? ???????: ????????????? ???????? — ?????????? ???????????? ??????????.
??????????? ???????: ???? ?????????? ???? ????? III (2022 ??????), ???????? ????????? ??????????? ???????-???????????.
????????? ???????: ???????-????????.
????????????? ??????: ??????????? ?????????? (150+76 ?????).
???????? ???????????: 26 ??????? — ?????????? ???.

??????????????? ??????

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??????????? ???? ????? ?????: ????? ???????? ?????, ??????????, ???????? ?????????, ????????, ???????? ?? ????????? ?????????, ?? 2 ??????? ?????????: ????????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ?????????. ?? ??? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????????, ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ????? ?????????????? ????????.

??????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ???? ?????? ????????????? ???????????. ????????????? ???????? ???????????, ????????? ??????????? ?? ???????????, ???? ??????????? - ????? ??????? ??????, ??????? ???????????, ??????????, ?????????? ?? ???????? ???????????. ??????? ????? ??????????. ????? ?????? ????????, ?????? ????????????? ???????? (????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ??????????), ???? ???? ?????? ????????, ?????? ????????????? ?????. ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????-???????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ????????.

?????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????????:

?????? ??? - ?????????-??????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ??????????????? ????????, ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????
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?. ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????. ????? 1979 ???? ????????? ???????? ????? ????????, ??? ???? ???? ??????????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????????? ????????????? ????????. ???????? ????????????? ??????????????? ???? (??????? ???? ?????)^[35].

?????????

??????? ??????: ?????????? ?????????.

????????? ??????????????? ???????????. ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????????? ????????????? ??? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???????. ???? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????. ???-? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????. ????????? ????? ???????????????? ??????????? ????? ???? ???????. ??????? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?????????. ??????? ??????????? ?????????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????. ???????? ???? ??????? ?????-????????? ???????????. ???? ???????????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ???? ??????.

???? 25-30 ???? ????????, ????????????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ??????????. ??????? ????????? ???-??? ?????? ???????? ??????, ??????, ???????, ?????, ??????????, ?????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????????. ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????????. ???????????????? ???????????? ??????? ?? ?????.

?????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ????????????, ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????. ?????????????? ???????, ??????? ????? ?????, ????, ??????. ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????????????. ?????????????? ????????? ???????????, ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????????.

???????? ????????: ???????? - $799.054 ???? (??-17 ??????); 1 ??? ????????? - $36 918 ; ????????? (%): ?????? ????????? 8, ?????????? 22, ??????????? 69.
??????: ??????????? ?????? (AUD);

???????

?????????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????, ????? ??????????????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????. ?????????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????????? ?? ???????????? ?????? ????. ?????????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? (??????? 1788 ????), ???-???? ????????? ?????? ?????????, ????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ????????? ???????. ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ????. ???? ??????? ??????????? ????-???????? ????, ??????? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ???. ??????? ????????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????????, ???????????? ????? ??????? ?????????????????. ??????????? ????, ??? ??????? ????????? ????, ????????? ????????????, ???-????? ???????????. ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????????: ????????? ????? ???????????, ???????? ????????? ????????, ???????? ?????????? ????, ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????, ???????? ???????????? ?? ???. ???-???? ????????????? ????????? 1932 ???? ??????? ???????? ????, ??????? ????-???????? ??????? ????????. ???? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????????. ???? ????????? ?????????? ?????????. ?? ?????????? ??????? ???????, ???????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????.?????????? ????????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????. ?? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???????. ??? 3 ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???????????, ?????? ?????????? ???????. ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????????????? ???-??? ?????????????? ???????????? ?????????. ????????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ???????????, ????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???????. ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???-???? ??????? ????????? ???????. ?? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ???????, ??????? ??????? ?????????, ?????? ????, ????????? ???????? ????. ????????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????. ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????, ????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ?????????? ?????????. ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ?????????????? ???????????. ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????. ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ???? ??????????, ??????? ?????? ??????????, ?????????, ???????. ????????? ??????????????? ???????? ????????????? ?????? ???????? ???????. ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ????. ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????????????. ????? ??????? 350 ??????. 325 ?????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ??? ????, ???????? ?????????. ????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????. ????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????????? ????????????. ????????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????, ??????? ????????? 30-???? ?? ????? ???? ????????? ??????????? ????????????? ????????. ?????? ????? ?????????, ????? ?? ?????????. ????? ?????? ???? ????, ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???-????? ????????? ???? ???????? ???????. ????? ????? ???? ???????????, ?????????? ?? ?????????. ???????? ??? ??? ????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ???????????, ???????????? ?? ?????? ????????, ????????. ???????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ????. ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ?? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ???????????. ????????? ??????????????, ???????? ???????? ????????, ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? Hunter Valley-??, ?????????? ???????? ?????? “????? ??????”. ????????? 104 ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????, ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????????. ?? ???-???? ??????? ??????????? ?? ????? ???????????, ????? ????? ?????. ???????? ???????????? ????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????. ?? ???? ???????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????. ??? ??????????? ??????? ?????????, ?????? ???????????, ???? ??? ????????? ???? ????? ??????????. ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????, ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????????? ???? ??????.A?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????????. ??????? ????? ????????? ????????? ???, ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ????????. ??????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????, ??????? ??????? ??????-?????????????? ?????????. ???? ???????? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????, ??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????. ???? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? 46 ????? ???????? ????? ?????????. ?? ???? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ????????? 50 ?????????? ????????????. ???? ?????????? ???? 100 ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????????. ???????? ???-??? ???????????? ????????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ??????. ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????????. ?????? ???? ????????? ?? ?????????? ????.

????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????, ??????? ????? 15 ????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ????????. ????? 195 ????? ???????? ??????????? ????, ??????????? ?????????. ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? – ????????. ?? ???? ??????? ???-???? ??????? ??????, ???????? ????????? ??????. ?? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?? ????????, ??????? ???????? ????-?????? ?? ???????. ???????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ?????, ???????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????????. ?? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????????. ??????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????, ?????????? ??????????, ??. ?????? ??????. ?????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????. ???????? ???? ?????????? ???-???? ??????? ?????? ?????????. ?? ?????????? ???? ????????????. ???????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ????????, ??????? ??????? ?????????????? ?????????? ???????, ????? – ???????????? ???????????? ?? ???????????, ??????? ?????????, ??????? 120 ???? ?????????? ?????. ?? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ????????? ????? ????????????, ???????-1 ???????????? ???????, ?????????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ?? ?. ?. ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ????, ??????? XIX ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ???????. ??????????? 50 ??-?? ????? ????? ?????, ???????????? ???????, ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????, ????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ????????? ???, ???????, ??????, ????????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????????. ??????????? 120 ??-?? ?????????? ??????? ?????? – ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????, ????? ????????? ????????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????????, ??????????? ???????, ?????, ???????. ?????????? ?? ????? ??????? “??????????? ??????” ?????? ??????????, ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ????????.

????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????. ?????? ???????????? ??????? 30-40 ??-?? ?????????. ?? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????, ????? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ?????. ??????????? ????????? ??????? ???? ??????, ????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????. ?????????, ?????????? 100 ??-?? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? – ????? ??????, ????? ????????? ?? ????????? ????? ???????. ????? ????????? 300-?? ???? ?????? ????. ??? ??????? 35 ???????????. ?? ?????????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????, ????-????????, ???????, ????????, ????????? ?????. ????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ????????. ??????? ????????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? “????? ???????” ???????????? ??????????? ?? ????? ???????, ?????????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????. ???? ????????? ?????????. ????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? “????? ???????”, ????? ????????? ????????? ??????. ?? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ??, ??? ????????, ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????????: ?????????? ???????? ????????, ?? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????. “????????? ???????” ???? ?????????? ????????????? ?????, ????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ????????. ?? ???????????? ????????? ????? ??????????, ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ?????????. ???? ??????????? ?????????? ?????, ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????????. ????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????????, ????? ??????????, ??????, ??????? ?? ?????????? ???????. ?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ????????? ????, ??????? ??????-???????????? ????????? ???????? 2500 ??????????? ??????????. ?? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????????. ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????, ?? ??????? 1,5 ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ????????? ????????. ?? ???? ????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ??????, ??????????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????. ?? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??????????????. ???? ???????? ???? ??????, ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????, ?????????? ???????. ???? ?? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ???????????. ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????????, ??????? ????? (???????? ??????????? ?????-????), ??????? ????? ????????? ???????, ??? ???? ??????? ???? ??????????? ???????. ?????? 1987 ???? ???????? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ???????. ???????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????. ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ??????. ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????????, ???? 1974 ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????. ???? ??????? ??????????? ????????????? ???????. ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????. ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????????? ????? ???????????. ???????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ????????? ??????????, ????? ?? ???? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ??????, ????? ???? ????????, ?????????? ????????? ???????. ????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????. ?????? ???????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????. ?????????? ????? ?????? ?? ????????. ????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????. ??????????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????, ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????. ????? ??????????? ???????????? ???? ???????? ???????. ????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????. ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????????? ???? ????????? ?? ????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????. ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ????????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???????????. ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????????? (????????????? ???? ????????????) ?? ??????? (???????????, ????????????, ?????????? ?? ?????????, ??????, ????-????????). ??????????????? ?????? ??????????. ?????????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ???? ??????????, ??????????, ??????????, ?????????, ????-??????. ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ???? ?????????, ??? ???????? ???? ???????????, ??????????, ???????? ?? ????????? ????????. ????? ????? ????????????? ??????????? ????????, ?????????, ???????????.

??????????

??????? ??????: ?????????? ??????????.

????????? ??????????^[36]
????	??????????? ??????????
1788-???	?????. 350 000
????	?????????????? ??????????	????
1788	900	—
1800	5200	477.8 %
1850	405 400	7696.2 %
????	????? ??????????	????
1900	3 765 300	—
1910	4 525 100	20.2 %
1920	5 411 000	19.6 %
1930	6 501 000	20.1 %
1940	7 078 000	8.9 %
1950	8 307 000	17.4 %
1960	10 392 000	25.1 %
1970	12 663 000	21.9 %
1980	14 726 000	16.3 %
1990	17 169 000	16.6 %
2000	19 169 100	11.6 %
2009	21 828 704	13.6 %

?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ????????? ????. ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ???????????????? ?? ???????????. ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?? ???? ???????????? ??????????????. ???? ???????? ????????????? ?????????. ?????????? ???-???? ??????? ?????????. ??????????? ?? ???-???? ??????? ??????. ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ???? ????????? ??????????. ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ???????-??????????? ?? ???????-?????????, ???? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????????.

22 ??????? ?????????????, ????????? ????????????? ????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ????????????. ??????????? 90 % ???? ???????? ??????????. 2006 ???? ??????? ????????, ???????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????????????? (37,13%)^[37], ?????? ?????? ??????????? (31.65 %), ???????????? (9.08 %), ????????????? (7.56 %), ?????????? (4.29 %), ??????????? (4.09 %), ???????? (3.37 %) ?? ???????? (1.84 %).^[38]

?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ??????^[39], ??? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????. ????? ??????? ???? ?????? 2000 ??????, ??????? 5.9 ??????? ????? ????????? ???????? ?????????. ?? ???????, ??? ?????. ?????? ????? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ????? ???????^[40].

2001 ????, ?????????????? 23.1 %-? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????, ???????? ????????? ????? ???????, ?????? ??????? ???? ????????????, ????? ???????????, ?????????, ??????????? ?? ?????????^[41].

1973 ???? ????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ??????, ?????????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????, ??? ???? ????????? ????? ?????????, ??????? ??????????? ??? ???????????????? ??????????^[42]. 2005-2006 ??. 131 000-?? ???? ???????? ?????????? ???????????, ????????? ??????? ?? ???????????^[43]. ????????? ?????? 2006-07 ?????????? ??? 144 000^[44]. 2008-2009 ??. ?????? ????????? ??? 300 000 - ???????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????^[45]^[46].

??????????? ??????? ?????????? — ??????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? 2001 ???? ??????????? ???????? 410 003 ???????? (????? ??????????? 2.2 %). ??? 1976 ???? ????????? ??????????????? ????????. ?? ???? ??????????? ?????????? 115 953 ???? ?????????.^[48]. ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????????????? ????????. ?????? ABS-? ?????? 2001 ???? ???? ????????? ?? ????????? ?????. 460 140 ???? (????? ??????????? 2.4%).^[49]

??????????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????? ???????????? ???????? ????????? ???????, ??????? ????????? ?? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? 11-17 ???? ?????? ????????????? ??????????????? ?????????^[50]^[51].

????? ???? ????????????? ??????? ????????, ????????? ????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????, 2004 ????, ???????????? ??????? ????? ??? 38,8 ????^[52]. ?????????????? ???? ?????? (759 849 2002-03 ??????)^[53] ??????????? ???????? ???????? ?????.

?????? ???????? ??????????, ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????. 3 765 300 ????. ?? ?????? ???????? 579 %-?? ?? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? 21 828 704 ????.

???

????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???^[2]. ??????????? ????????? ???? ???? ???-???? ??????? ????????, ?????? ???????? ??????????????? ????????? ?? ??????????, ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ?????????? (????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????? ?? ????????? ????????????), ????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ??????????. ????????? ?? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ??????????. 2001 ???? ??????? ????????, ??????????? 80 %-? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????. ?????? ?????: ?????? (2,1 %), ???????? (1,9 %) ?? ???????? (1,4 %) ?????.

????????????? ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????????????? ????? ???????????. ?????, ??? ?????. 200-300 ??????????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ????????. ??????? ?????. 70 ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????????. ????? 18 ?????????? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?????^[54]. ??????????? ??? ?????? 50 000 ????????? (????? ??????????? 0,25 %) ????? ?????? ????. ?????????? ???? ???????? ???, ??????? ?????? ???????, ??????? ??????? ???? ?????. 6500 ????? ??????????????.

???????

??????? ??????: ??????? ???????????.

?????????? ?? ???? ?????????? ???????. 2006 ???? ???????, ?????????????? 64 % ??? ?????????? ?????, ??? ????? 26 % ???????????, ???? 19 % ???????????. "?????????" (??????? ??????? ??????? ?????????, ???????, ????????????? ?? ????????????) ?????????????? 19 %-? ????????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? (2006 ????? ?? 2001 ???? ???????? ????? ???????? ????????), ???? ?????????? 12 %-?? ???? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????????? ??????????. ??????????? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????? (2,1 %), ?????? ????? ?????? (1,7) ?? ???????? (0,8). ?????? ?????, ?????????????? ?????. 6 % ?????????????^[55]. 2004 ????, ????????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ?????. 1,5 ???????: ??????????? ?????. 7,5 %^[56]. ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ??????????^[57].

?????????

??????? ??????: ????????? ???????????.

??????? ???????? ???????????? ???? ???????????. ?????????? ?????? ??????, 5-6 ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? 11 ????? ??????????? ??????????, ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ???? (11-? ?? 12-? ???????). ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ????? ???????^[58]. 25-???? 64 ?????? ?????????????? ?????. 58 %-?? ???? ?????????????? ?? ????????? ?????????????? ?? ????????? ??????????????????? ???????? 49 %-?? ???? ???-???? ?????? ?????????.

???????

??????? ??????: ?????????? ???????, ?????????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??????.

??? ??????? ?????? ???????????, ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????????? ????? ????? 2004 ???? 1788 ??????, ??????????? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ??? ?????-??????? ?????????? ???????. ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?? ???????????? ????????????. XX ???????? ??? ??????, ?????????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????, ????????? ?????????? ?? ?????. ???? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ?????? ????.

??????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????, ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????????????? ?????^[59]. ???????? ???????????? ???????, ??????????? ?????????? ???? ??? ??????????? ???????, ????????????? ?????? ??????????, ????? ?????????? ?? ???? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????. ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????????????; ??? ???? ???????? ????????? ????????????, ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????????, ????????? ?????: ?????? ??????, ????? ????????? ?????, ???? ????????, ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????. ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ??????????. ??? ????? ???????????: ??????? ????? ??????, ?????????? ????? ???????, ??????????? ?????????????? ???? ?????? ?? ???-??????? ?????? ?????. ?????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????????, ????? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ??????.

?????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????, ????? ?????????, ??????? ????? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ?????????. ???? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????????. ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???????????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ????????????? ??????????? ????. ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????????.

?????????? ????? ????????? ?????? 1906 ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????????, ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????????? ??????^[60].?????????? ????? ?????? ?????? 1970-??? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??????????? ???????, ???????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????? ???????, ????????? ??????? ???????-????? ?? ??????? ???????. ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ????????. ????????? ????? ??????????? ????????: ???????, Rabbit-Proof Fence, ?? ???????? ??????.

?????????? ????????????? ????????? ?? ???????? ????????????? ???? ????????, ????????? ???????, ????? ????, ?????????? ????????? ?? ????? ???????. ??????????? ??????? ????????????? ?????: ????? ?????????, ???? ?????, ????? ???????, ??? ???????, ??? ??????, ????? ????, ???? ??????, ????? ????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???? ????????.

?????????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ????. ???????????, ???????? ????????? ????? ?????????????, ????????? ????? ????? ?????????, ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????, ??????? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ????????. ????????? ?????????? ???????????, ???????????? ?????? ????????????, ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????????. 1973 ????, ?????? ????? ???????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ??????. ??? ?????????? ????????????, ???????? ????? ?? ?????. ????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ?????: ????? ???????, ????? ??????, ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????.

15 ???? ???????????? ?????????????? ?????. 24 % ????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????? ????????????. ?????????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ????????, ?????????, ??????? ???????, ???????? ?? ???????. ????? ???????????? ???????? ???????, ???????????? ?? ???????????. ??????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ???????????? ????? ??????????? ??? ????????, ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????, ????????? ???? ????????, ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????, ???????? ???????? ?????? ????????. ??????????? ????? ????????????? ??????????? ????????, ??????????, ???????? ?? ?????????????? ???????. ?????????? ?????????? 1956 ???? ???????? ?????????? ?????????, ???? 2000 ???? ???????? ?????????? ????????^[61]. ?????????? ????? ?????????? 1938 ???? ?????????? ???????? ????????, 1962 ???? ?????????? ????????? ?? ?????????????? ????????, 1982 ?? 2006 ????? ?????????????? ????????.

????????????

?????? - ?????????? ???????, ????????? ???????;
???????? – ????????? ???????? ???????, ???????? ????????;
???????? - ?????????? ???? (1899 ?.),
??????? — ??????????????, ???????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?? ???????.
??????? ???????? ?????, ???? ???????? ????, ????????? ????????, ????????? ????? ???????.

???????????? ??????????

?????????? ???????????? ??????????  _^[+/?]
???????????	?????????	????	????????	????????? ?????????	??????	??????????
A.T. Kearney / Foreign Policy Magazine	????????????? ??????? [???-??????]
		2007	13	72	[2]
		2006	8	62	[3]
		2005	13	62	[4]
CIA World Factbook	????????? ???????????? [???-??????]
CIA World Factbook	????????? ???????????? [???-??????]	2008	6*	221	[5]	*??????????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ????
The Legatum Institute	Prosperity Index [???-??????]
		2008	1	104	[6]
		2007	11	50	[7]
??????????? ????????????? ???????????	????????? ???????? ??????? [???-??????]
??????????? ????????????? ???????????	????????? ???????? ??????? [???-??????]	2005	6	111	[8]
New Economics Foundation	???????? ???????? ??????? [???-??????]
		2009	102	143	[9]
		2006	139	178	[10]
????? ???????????? / ????????? ????????????	??????? ??????????? ??????? [???-??????]
		2008	46	149	[11]
		2006	20	133	[12]
		2005	13	146	[13]
Heritage Foundation / The Wall Street Journal	??????????? ???????????? ??????? [???-??????]
		2008	4	162	[14]
		2007	3	157	[15]
		2006	9	161	[16]	???? ?????????? ?? ???-???? ???????
??????? ?????	???????? ???????????? ??????? [???-??????]
		2009	9	181	[17]
		2008	9	178	[18]
??????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????	??????? ???????????????????? ???? ????? [???-??????]
		2008	7	55	[19]
		2007	6	55	[20]
		2006	6	61	[21]
Weber Shandwick / FutureBrand	??????? ??????? ???????
		2008	1	100	[22]
		2007	1	100	[23]
		2006	1	60	[24]
????? ?????? / GfK Roper	???????? ????????? ??????? [???-??????]
		2008	9	50	[25]
		2007	8	35	[26]
??????????? ??????????????? ?? ???????????? ???????????	???????? ???????????? ????????????????[???-??????]
		2006	→	57	[27]	#7 ???????????? ?? ????????????, ???????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ?????; #4 ??????????, #13 ??????????
		2003	→	41	[28]	#5 ???????????? (?????????????? ?? ????????? ???????); #4 ??????????, #7 ??????????
		2000	→	43	[29]	#5 ??????????, #5 ??????????
????????????? ?????? ???????????	?????????? ??????? [???-??????]
????????????? ?????? ???????????	?????????? ??????? [???-??????]	2008	1	176	[30]	?????????, ???????? ?? ???? ???????????? ???????
??????????? ????????????? ??????????? / IBM ???????? ???????????? ?????????	E-readiness [???-??????]
		2008	4	70	[31]	????????? ???????
		2007	9	68	[32]
		2006	8	68	[33]
???????????? ?????????? ??????	??????? ?????? ???????????? ???????[???-??????]
		2008	25	169	[34]
		2007	28	168	[35]
		2006	35	167	[36]	???????????, ???????????? ?? ???????? ???????
Save the Children	State of the World’s Mothers
		2008	6	146	[37]
		2007	5	140	[38]
		2006	7	125	[39]	?????????????? ???????
??????????? ????????????? ???????????	????????? ????????? ??????? [???-??????]
		2009	19	144	[40]
		2008	27	140	[41]
		2007	25	121	[42]
???????????? ?????????????	????????? ???????? ??????? [???-??????]
		2008	9	180	[43]	?????????? ???????
		2007	11	179	[44]
		2006	9	163	[45]	?????????????? ???????
????????? ???????????? ??????	???????????? ???????????? ??????? [???-??????]
		2008	7	22	[46]
		2007	9	22	[47]
		2006	10	22	[48]
????????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????	????????? ???????????? ??????? [???-??????]
		2008	4	179	[49]
		2007 –2008	3	177	[50]
		2006	3	177	[51]
		2005	3	177	[52]
???????? ?????????	Opacity Index
		2008	4	48	[53]	???????? ???????
		2006	7	46	[54]
???????? ?????????? ??????	???????? ?????????
???????? ?????????? ??????	???????? ?????????	2009	2	134	[55]	?????????, ????????????? ?? ???????? ???????
???????? ?????????? ??????	????????????????????????????? ??????? [???-??????]
		2008 –2009	18	134	[56]
		2007 –2008	14	131	[57]
		2006 –2007	19	125	[58]
??????????	??????????? ??????? [???-??????]
		2008	10	167	[59]
		2006	8	150	[60]
???????????? ?????	?????????????? ??????? [???-??????]
		2009	170	177	[61]	sustainable
		2008	169	177	[62]	sustainable
		2007	169	177	[63]	sustainable

??????? ????????????? (XX ?.)

???????????? - ??? ???????, ??? ???????;
?????????? - ?????? ????? (?????????? ????????), ?????? ????? (??????????? ?????????????????);
?????????? - ?????? ??????-????, ?????? ????????, ????? ???????;
?????????? - ????? ????, ??? ???????, ????? ???????, ??? ???????, ???? ??????? (??????? ????? ???????????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????);
???????????? - ??? ???????, ??? ????????, ???? ?????????, ?????? ?????? (????? ???????????).

??????????

?. ????????, ?. ????????, ?. ?????? - ??????? ?????????, XI ?????? ??????????????; "??????????? ?????"; 2007 ?; ??: 266-271

????????? ??????????

Australia, ????????? ??????? ???????????
?????????? ??????? ???????????? 2025-08-14 ?????? Wayback Machine.
?????????? ???????? (??????????, ????? ?? ?????????)
?????????? ????????? ???????
?????????? ??????????: ??? ??? ???? (??????? ?????? ???????) ???????????? 2025-08-14 ?????? Wayback Machine.
?????????? ??????????: ??????????? ??? ???????????? 2025-08-14 ?????? Wayback Machine.
?????????? ?????? ??????????
???????????? ?????????????? ??????? ???????????? 2025-08-14 ?????? Wayback Machine.
????????? ??????????? ???????????? 2025-08-14 ?????? Wayback Machine.
?????????? ???????
????????? ???????????? 2025-08-14 ?????? Wayback Machine. UCB Libraries GovPubs-??
????????? ???????????? 2025-08-14 ?????? Wayback Machine. Open Directory Project-??

??????????

↑ ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????“, ???????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????. ???? ????? ??????????? ????????, ?????????? ???????? ?????, ????, ????????? ??????????“.^[1]
↑ ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???????.^[2]
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ??????????? ????????? ??????? ?????????.
↑ ????????? ????????? ???? ????????? ???-?? (Oss) ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? 1908 ???? ?????????. ??-? (Oz) ?????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? (1900) ?????????? ???? ??? ????????? (1939) ????????? ????? ????????“.^[13] ?????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? '???? ????' ?? ???? ?????, ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????“.^[14] ??–?? ?????????, ???????????? 1939 ???? ?????? ???????? ??????, ????? ???? ???????? ????? ????????? /z/-?? ???.^[15]

??????

↑ Australian National Anthem. ????????????? ???????????? — 9 ???????? 2007. ????????? ??????: 2 ??????? 2019.
16. Other matters – 16.3 Australian National Anthem.
[2002] (2005) ?National Symbols“, Parliamentary Handbook of the Commonwealth of Australia, 29th. ????????? ??????: 7 June 2007. ???????????? 11 June 2007^{[Date mismatch]} ?????? Wayback Machine.Category:Webarchive-?? ?????? ?????????????
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Pluralist Nations: Pluralist Language Policies?. 1995 Global Cultural Diversity Conference Proceedings, Sydney. Department of Immigration and Citizenship. ????????????? ???????????? — 2025-08-14. ????????? ??????: 2025-08-14. "English has no de jure status but it is so entrenched as the common language that it is de facto the official language as well as the national language."
↑ 2016 Census data reveals "no religion" is rising fast. Australian Bureau of Statistics (2025-08-14). ????????????? ???????????? — 15 May 2013.
↑ (2009) Collins English Dictionary. Bishopbriggs, Glasgow: HarperCollins, ??. 18. ISBN 978-0-00-786171-2.
↑ Population clock. Australian Bureau of Statistics website. Commonwealth of Australia. ????????? ??????: 24 December 2018. The population estimate shown is automatically calculated daily at 00:00 UTC and is based on data obtained from the population clock on the date shown in the citation.
↑ ?????:Census 2016 AUS
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 Australia. International Monetary Fund (April 2018). ????????? ??????: 22 April 2018.
↑ "26 Australia 0.449 0.328"OECD Economic Surveys: Norway 2012. ????????????? ???????????? — 2025-08-14. ????????? ??????: 2025-08-14.
↑ UN Human Development Indices and Indicators Statistical Update. United Nations Development Programme (2018).
↑ MacKnight, CC (1976). The Voyage to Marege: Macassan Trepangers in Northern Australia. Melbourne University Press.
↑ ??????????? ?????? (2011)
↑ Australia: World Audit Democracy Profile. WorldAudit.org. ????????? ??????: 2025-08-14.
↑ Jacobson, H. (1988) In the Land of Oz, Penguin, ISBN 0-14-010966-8.
↑ The Americana Annual: 1988, Americana Corporation, vol. 13, 1989, p. 66, ISBN 0-7172-0220-8.
↑ Partridge, Eric, et al., The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English, Taylor & Francis, 2006, ISBN 0-415-25938-X, entries "Oz" and "Ozzie", p. 1431.
↑ (2010) Macquarie Dictionary 5th Edition. Macmillan Publishers Australia. ISBN 9781876429669.
↑ ^17.0 ^17.1 Kennett, Jeff (11 November 2011). ?C'mon Aussie, let's grow up“. Herald Sun. ????????????? ???????????? — 7 ??????? 2014. ????????? ??????: 22 February 2014.
↑ Claire Harvey, Aussie farewell to life in "Kiwi". Retrieved 29 December 2011.
↑ Lee, Julian (27 November 2009). ?C'mon Aussie: cricket anthem reprised to get bums on seats“. The Sydney Morning Herald. ????????? ??????: 22 February 2014.
↑ Australia in Brief: The island continent. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. ????????????? ???????????? — 2025-08-14. ????????? ??????: 2025-08-14.
↑ Williams, J. et al. 2001. Biodiversity, Australia State of the Environment Report 2001 (Theme Report), CSIRO Publishing on behalf of the Department of the Environment and Heritage, Canberra. ISBN 0-643-06749-3 .pdf
↑ Gillespie, R. (2002). Dating the first Australians. Radiocarbon 44:455–72; Dating the First Australians. Ingenta. ????????????? ???????????? — 2025-08-14. ????????? ??????: 2025-08-14.
↑ RJW. (2025-08-14) The Birth of the Commonwealth of Nations. Know-britain.com. ????????????? ???????????? — 2025-08-14. ????????? ??????: 2025-08-14.
↑ Convict Records ???????????? 2025-08-14 ?????? Wayback Machine. Public Record office of Victoria; State Records Office of Western Australia ???????????? 2025-08-14 ?????? Wayback Machine. .
↑ Australian Bureau of Statistics 1998 Special Article—The State of New South Wales.
↑ Smith, L. (1980), The Aboriginal Population of Australia, Australian National University Press, Canberra.
↑ Smallpox Through History. ????????????? ???????????? — 2025-08-14. ????????? ??????: 2025-08-14.
↑ Tatz, Colin. (1999)Genocide in Australia. AIATSIS Research Discussion Papers No 8. Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies. ????????????? ???????????? — 2025-08-14. ????????? ??????: 2025-08-14.
↑ Bain Attwood, Telling the Truth about Aboriginal History. (2005) online edition ???????????? 2025-08-14 ?????? Wayback Machine.
↑ (1957) Official year book of the Commonwealth of Australia – Google Books. Books.google.com. ????????? ??????: 2025-08-14.
↑ Stuart Macintyre, The Oxford History of Australia: vol 4 (1986), p. 142; C. Bean Ed. (1941). Volume I - The Story of Anzac: the first phase ???????????? 2025-08-14 ?????? Wayback Machine. , First World War Official Histories, Eleventh Edition.
↑ First World War 1914 – 1918. Australian War Memorial. ????????????? ???????????? — 2025-08-14. ????????? ??????: 2025-08-14.
↑ Macintyre, 151–3; Liz Reed, Bigger than Gallipoli: war, history, and memory in Australia? (2004) p. 5 online.
↑ Australia Act text
↑ www.ag.gov.au Administrator of Norfolk Island. Australian Government Attorney-General's Department. ????????????? ???????????? — 2025-08-14. ????????? ??????: 2025-08-14.
↑ AUSTRALIA: population growth of the whole country. populstat.info. ????????????? ???????????? — 2025-08-14. ????????? ??????: 2025-08-14. 19th century figures do not include the indigenous population.
↑ The Australian Bureau of Statistics have stated that most who list "Australian" as their ancestry are part of the Anglo-Celtic group. [1]
↑ 20680-Ancestry by Country of Birth of Parents - Time Series Statistics (2001, 2006 Census Years) - Australia. Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2007). ????????????? ???????????? — 2025-08-14. ????????? ??????: 2025-08-14.
↑ 3105.0.65.001—Australian Historical Population Statistics, 2006 (XLS). Australian Bureau of Statistics (23 May 2006). ??????: ?Australian population: (1919) 5 080 912; (2006) 20 209 993“ ????????? ??????: 2025-08-14.
↑ Background note: Australia. US Department of State. ????????? ??????: 2025-08-14.
↑ Australian Population: Ethnic Origins ???????????? 2025-08-14 ?????? Wayback Machine. .
↑ The Evolution of Australia's Multicultural Policy. Department of Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2005). ????????????? ???????????? — 2025-08-14. ????????? ??????: 2025-08-14.
↑ Settler numbers on the rise ???????????? 2025-08-14 ?????? Wayback Machine. .
↑ Inflow of foreign-born population by country of birth, by year; Australian Immigration Fact Sheet 20. Migration Programme Planning Levels ???????????? 2025-08-14 ?????? Wayback Machine. .
↑ Immigration intake to rise to 300 000, 11/06/2008.
↑ 300 000 skilled workers needed - Evans.
↑ The Beach ???????????? 2025-08-14 ?????? Wayback Machine. , www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au. Retrieved on 31 January 2009.
↑ 1301.0 - Year Book Australia, 2004. Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 February 2004). ????????? ??????: 24 April 2009.
↑ 4705.0 - Population Distribution, Indigenous Australians, 2001. Australian Bureau of Statistics (26 June 2002). ????????? ??????: 24 April 2009.
↑ Stephen Lunn (26 November 2008). ?Life gap figures not black and white“. The Australian. ????????????? ???????????? — 5 ?????? 2009. ????????? ??????: 24 April 2009.
↑ Joel Gibson (10 April 2009). ?Indigenous health gap closes by five years“. The Sydney Morning Herald. ????????????? ???????????? — 3 ?????????? 2009. ????????? ??????: 24 April 2009.
↑ Parliament of Australia, Parliamentary Library (2005). Australia’s aging workforce.
↑ Parliament of Australia, Senate (2005). Inquiry into Australian Expatriates ???????????? 2025-08-14 ?????? Wayback Machine. .
↑ National Indigenous Languages Survey Report 2005. Department of Communications, Information Technology and the Arts. ????????????? ???????????? — 2025-08-14. ????????? ??????: 2025-08-14.
↑ Cultural Diversity. 1301.0 - Year Book Australia, 2008. Australian Bureau of Statistics (7 February 2008). ????????? ??????: 2025-08-14. (See subsection titled "Religion").
↑ NCLS releases latest estimates of church attendance, National Church Life Survey, Media release, 28 February 2004.
↑ Morris, Lindy. God's OK, it's just the religion bit we don't like (2008), Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved on 5 January 2008.
↑ OECD 42/8/39700724.
↑ Welch, David. "Aboriginal Fine Arts Gallery", aaia.com.au. Retrieved on 2 November 2008.
↑ Jo Chichester. (2007)Return of the Kelly Gang. The UNESCO Courier. UNESCO. ????????? ??????: 2025-08-14.
↑ ABS medal tally: Australia finishes third, Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved on 25 January 2008.

[anthem_explanation-2] ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????“, ???????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????. ???? ????? ??????????? ????????, ?????????? ???????? ?????, ????, ????????? ??????????“.^[1]

[languages-4] ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???????.^[2]

[time-12] 3.0 ^3.1 ??????????? ????????? ??????? ?????????.

[Oss-19] ????????? ????????? ???? ????????? ???-?? (Oss) ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? 1908 ???? ?????????. ??-? (Oz) ?????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? (1900) ?????????? ???? ??? ????????? (1939) ????????? ????? ????????“.^[13] ?????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? '???? ????' ?? ???? ?????, ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????“.^[14] ??–?? ?????????, ???????????? 1939 ???? ?????? ???????? ??????, ????? ???? ???????? ????? ????????? /z/-?? ???.^[15]

[1] Australian National Anthem. ????????????? ???????????? — 9 ???????? 2007. ????????? ??????: 2 ??????? 2019.
16. Other matters – 16.3 Australian National Anthem.
[2002] (2005) ?National Symbols“, Parliamentary Handbook of the Commonwealth of Australia, 29th. ????????? ??????: 7 June 2007. ???????????? 11 June 2007^{[Date mismatch]} ?????? Wayback Machine.Category:Webarchive-?? ?????? ?????????????

[language-3] 2.0 ^2.1 Pluralist Nations: Pluralist Language Policies?. 1995 Global Cultural Diversity Conference Proceedings, Sydney. Department of Immigration and Citizenship. ????????????? ???????????? — 2025-08-14. ????????? ??????: 2025-08-14. "English has no de jure status but it is so entrenched as the common language that it is de facto the official language as well as the national language."

[statcan1-5] 2016 Census data reveals "no religion" is rising fast. Australian Bureau of Statistics (2025-08-14). ????????????? ???????????? — 15 May 2013.

[6] (2009) Collins English Dictionary. Bishopbriggs, Glasgow: HarperCollins, ??. 18. ISBN 978-0-00-786171-2.

[popclock-7] Population clock. Australian Bureau of Statistics website. Commonwealth of Australia. ????????? ??????: 24 December 2018. The population estimate shown is automatically calculated daily at 00:00 UTC and is based on data obtained from the population clock on the date shown in the citation.

[8] ?????:Census 2016 AUS

[IMF-9] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 Australia. International Monetary Fund (April 2018). ????????? ??????: 22 April 2018.

[10] "26 Australia 0.449 0.328"OECD Economic Surveys: Norway 2012. ????????????? ???????????? — 2025-08-14. ????????? ??????: 2025-08-14.

[HDI-11] UN Human Development Indices and Indicators Statistical Update. United Nations Development Programme (2018).

[13] MacKnight, CC (1976). The Voyage to Marege: Macassan Trepangers in Northern Australia. Melbourne University Press.

[pop-14] ??????????? ?????? (2011)

[World_Audit-15] Australia: World Audit Democracy Profile. WorldAudit.org. ????????? ??????: 2025-08-14.

[16] Jacobson, H. (1988) In the Land of Oz, Penguin, ISBN 0-14-010966-8.

[17] The Americana Annual: 1988, Americana Corporation, vol. 13, 1989, p. 66, ISBN 0-7172-0220-8.

[18] Partridge, Eric, et al., The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English, Taylor & Francis, 2006, ISBN 0-415-25938-X, entries "Oz" and "Ozzie", p. 1431.

[mac5-20] (2010) Macquarie Dictionary 5th Edition. Macmillan Publishers Australia. ISBN 9781876429669.

[kennett-21] 17.0 ^17.1 Kennett, Jeff (11 November 2011). ?C'mon Aussie, let's grow up“. Herald Sun. ????????????? ???????????? — 7 ??????? 2014. ????????? ??????: 22 February 2014.

[22] Claire Harvey, Aussie farewell to life in "Kiwi". Retrieved 29 December 2011.

[23] Lee, Julian (27 November 2009). ?C'mon Aussie: cricket anthem reprised to get bums on seats“. The Sydney Morning Herald. ????????? ??????: 22 February 2014.

[24] Australia in Brief: The island continent. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. ????????????? ???????????? — 2025-08-14. ????????? ??????: 2025-08-14.

[Williams-25] Williams, J. et al. 2001. Biodiversity, Australia State of the Environment Report 2001 (Theme Report), CSIRO Publishing on behalf of the Department of the Environment and Heritage, Canberra. ISBN 0-643-06749-3 .pdf

[26] Gillespie, R. (2002). Dating the first Australians. Radiocarbon 44:455–72; Dating the First Australians. Ingenta. ????????????? ???????????? — 2025-08-14. ????????? ??????: 2025-08-14.

[27] RJW. (2025-08-14) The Birth of the Commonwealth of Nations. Know-britain.com. ????????????? ???????????? — 2025-08-14. ????????? ??????: 2025-08-14.

[28] Convict Records ???????????? 2025-08-14 ?????? Wayback Machine. Public Record office of Victoria; State Records Office of Western Australia ???????????? 2025-08-14 ?????? Wayback Machine. .

[29] Australian Bureau of Statistics 1998 Special Article—The State of New South Wales.

[30] Smith, L. (1980), The Aboriginal Population of Australia, Australian National University Press, Canberra.

[31] Smallpox Through History. ????????????? ???????????? — 2025-08-14. ????????? ??????: 2025-08-14.

[32] Tatz, Colin. (1999)Genocide in Australia. AIATSIS Research Discussion Papers No 8. Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies. ????????????? ???????????? — 2025-08-14. ????????? ??????: 2025-08-14.

[33] Bain Attwood, Telling the Truth about Aboriginal History. (2005) online edition ???????????? 2025-08-14 ?????? Wayback Machine.

[34] (1957) Official year book of the Commonwealth of Australia – Google Books. Books.google.com. ????????? ??????: 2025-08-14.

[35] Stuart Macintyre, The Oxford History of Australia: vol 4 (1986), p. 142; C. Bean Ed. (1941). Volume I - The Story of Anzac: the first phase ???????????? 2025-08-14 ?????? Wayback Machine. , First World War Official Histories, Eleventh Edition.

[36] First World War 1914 – 1918. Australian War Memorial. ????????????? ???????????? — 2025-08-14. ????????? ??????: 2025-08-14.

[37] Macintyre, 151–3; Liz Reed, Bigger than Gallipoli: war, history, and memory in Australia? (2004) p. 5 online.

[38] Australia Act text

[39] www.ag.gov.au Administrator of Norfolk Island. Australian Government Attorney-General's Department. ????????????? ???????????? — 2025-08-14. ????????? ??????: 2025-08-14.

[40] AUSTRALIA: population growth of the whole country. populstat.info. ????????????? ???????????? — 2025-08-14. ????????? ??????: 2025-08-14. 19th century figures do not include the indigenous population.

[41] The Australian Bureau of Statistics have stated that most who list "Australian" as their ancestry are part of the Anglo-Celtic group. [1]

[42] 20680-Ancestry by Country of Birth of Parents - Time Series Statistics (2001, 2006 Census Years) - Australia. Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2007). ????????????? ???????????? — 2025-08-14. ????????? ??????: 2025-08-14.

[43] 3105.0.65.001—Australian Historical Population Statistics, 2006 (XLS). Australian Bureau of Statistics (23 May 2006). ??????: ?Australian population: (1919) 5 080 912; (2006) 20 209 993“ ????????? ??????: 2025-08-14.

[Immigration-44] Background note: Australia. US Department of State. ????????? ??????: 2025-08-14.

[45] Australian Population: Ethnic Origins ???????????? 2025-08-14 ?????? Wayback Machine. .

[46] The Evolution of Australia's Multicultural Policy. Department of Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2005). ????????????? ???????????? — 2025-08-14. ????????? ??????: 2025-08-14.

[47] Settler numbers on the rise ???????????? 2025-08-14 ?????? Wayback Machine. .

[48] Inflow of foreign-born population by country of birth, by year; Australian Immigration Fact Sheet 20. Migration Programme Planning Levels ???????????? 2025-08-14 ?????? Wayback Machine. .

[49] Immigration intake to rise to 300 000, 11/06/2008.

[50] 300 000 skilled workers needed - Evans.

[51] The Beach ???????????? 2025-08-14 ?????? Wayback Machine. , www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au. Retrieved on 31 January 2009.

[Year_Book_2004-52] 1301.0 - Year Book Australia, 2004. Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 February 2004). ????????? ??????: 24 April 2009.

[Indigenous_ERP_2001-53] 4705.0 - Population Distribution, Indigenous Australians, 2001. Australian Bureau of Statistics (26 June 2002). ????????? ??????: 24 April 2009.

[54] Stephen Lunn (26 November 2008). ?Life gap figures not black and white“. The Australian. ????????????? ???????????? — 5 ?????? 2009. ????????? ??????: 24 April 2009.

[55] Joel Gibson (10 April 2009). ?Indigenous health gap closes by five years“. The Sydney Morning Herald. ????????????? ???????????? — 3 ?????????? 2009. ????????? ??????: 24 April 2009.

[56] Parliament of Australia, Parliamentary Library (2005). Australia’s aging workforce.

[57] Parliament of Australia, Senate (2005). Inquiry into Australian Expatriates ???????????? 2025-08-14 ?????? Wayback Machine. .

[nilsr-58] National Indigenous Languages Survey Report 2005. Department of Communications, Information Technology and the Arts. ????????????? ???????????? — 2025-08-14. ????????? ??????: 2025-08-14.

[religion-59] Cultural Diversity. 1301.0 - Year Book Australia, 2008. Australian Bureau of Statistics (7 February 2008). ????????? ??????: 2025-08-14. (See subsection titled "Religion").

[60] NCLS releases latest estimates of church attendance, National Church Life Survey, Media release, 28 February 2004.

[61] Morris, Lindy. God's OK, it's just the religion bit we don't like (2008), Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved on 5 January 2008.

[62] OECD 42/8/39700724.

[63] Welch, David. "Aboriginal Fine Arts Gallery", aaia.com.au. Retrieved on 2 November 2008.

[64] Jo Chichester. (2007)Return of the Kelly Gang. The UNESCO Courier. UNESCO. ????????? ??????: 2025-08-14.

[65] ABS medal tally: Australia finishes third, Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved on 25 January 2008.

[N 1]

[N 2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

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